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Difference between revisions of "Kirtland's Warbler" - BirdForum Opus

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;Dendroica kirtlandii
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[[Image:Kirtlands Warbler.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Male<br/>Photo by {{user|kegressy|kegressy}}<br/>[[Point Pelee National Park]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]], 14 May 2005]]
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[[Image:Kirtlands_Warbler.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by kegressy]]
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;[[:Category:Setophaga|Setophaga]] kirtlandii
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''Dendroica kirtlandii''
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
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Location: Point Pelee Nat. Park Ont.
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Length 15 cm (4.75 inches), weight 12–16 g<br/>
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*Thin, pointed bill, broken eye ring, gray nape and upperparts, yellow throat, breast and belly, white undertail coverts, streaked sides and flanks, dull white wing bars, dark legs <br/>
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*'''Male''': brighter colors, with black lores, slightly blue-gray upperparts, and bright yellow underparts<br/>
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*'''Female''': duller colors, with gray lores and upperparts and pale yellow underparts<br/>
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*'''Juvenile''': as female, but upperparts even duller, slightly brownish-gray
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==Distribution==
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[[Image:Kirtland's Warbler, female.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female<br/>Photo by {{user|bobsofpa|bobsofpa}}<br/>[[Magee Marsh]], [[Ohio]], [[USA]], 14 May 2013]]
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Nests primarily in the northern Lower Peninsula of [[Michigan]], [[USA]]. In 2007 the species was found nesting in nearby areas of [[Wisconsin]], and [[Ontario]], Canada. Migrates across the southeastern [[United States]] to its wintering grounds in the [[Bahamas]]. Accidental over short distances north, west, and east of breeding range.
  
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Identification Tips:
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==Taxonomy==
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Length: 4.75 inches
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This is a monotypic species.<br />
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Small, active, insect-eating bird
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Formerly placed in the genus ''[[:Category:Dendroica|Dendroica]]''.
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Thin, pointed bill
 
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Broken eye ring
 
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Grayish nape and upperparts
 
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Yellow throat, breast and belly
 
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White undertail coverts
 
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Streaked sides and flanks-sometimes across breast
 
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Dull white wing bars
 
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Dark legs
 
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Wags its tail
 
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Extremely limited range-breeds in Michigan
 
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Adult male:  
 
  
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Black lores
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==Habitat==
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Black streaks on gray back
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Breeds only in even-aged young Jack Pine ''Pinus banksiana'' forests 2–7 m tall and with dense ground cover that develop following forest fires. When the pines grow above 7 m tall, the ground cover gets shaded out and is unsuitable for nesting and the birds move elsewhere to find younger pines. Rarely also uses young Red Pine ''Pinus resinosa'' forests. The population has increased from around 200 pairs in the 1970s to 1600 pairs, due to careful management to optimize the area of Jack Pine stands of suitable age. Winters in Bahamas Pine ''Pinus caribaea'' var. ''bahamensis'' forests.
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Female and immature:
 
  
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Gray lores
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==Behaviour==
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Brownish tinge to dark-streaked back
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Its nests generally are concealed in mixed vegetation of grasses and shrubs, lined with moss and built by the female. Four or five cream eggs are laid, and are incubated for 13-16 days.
  
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The endangered Kirtland's warbler is one of the rarest members of the wood warbler (Parulidae) family. It is a bird of unusual interest for many reasons. It nests in just a few counties in Michigan's northern Lower and Upper peninsulas, in Wisconsin and the province of Ontario and, currently, nowhere else on Earth. Its nests generally are concealed in mixed vegetation of grasses and shrubs below the living branches of five to 20 year old jack pine (Pinus banksiana) forests. The male Kirtland's warblers' summer plumage is composed of a distinctive bright yellow colored breast streaked in black and bluish gray back feathers, a dark mask over its face with white eye rings, and bobbing tail. The female's plumage coloration is less bright; her facial area is devoid of a mask. Overall length of the bird is less than six inches.
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The diet of the warbler includes many different insect species at various developmental stages, including caterpillars, butterflies, moths, flies, grasshoppers, as well as ripe blueberries.  
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==References==
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Because of its restricted home range and unique habitat requirements, the Kirtland's warbler probably has always been a rare bird. Scientists did not describe the species until 1851 when a male was collected on the outskirts of Cleveland, Ohio. That first specimen was sent to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. The species eventually was named in honor of Dr. Jared P. Kirtland, a physician, teacher, horticulturist, and naturalist who authored the first lists of birds, mammals, fishes, reptiles, and amphibians of Ohio.
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#{{Ref-Clements6thAug11}}#Avibase
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{{ref}}
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The winter range of the Kirtland's warbler was discovered in 1879 when a specimen was collected on Andros Island in the Bahama Islands archipelago. All sightings or collections of wintering Kirtland's warblers since then have been in the Bahamas and in the Turks, Caicos, and Hispaniola islands. Because of its subtle fall and winter dull brown plumage and behavior, population information on the warbler's winter grounds is scarce. Additional research, education, and public outreach are required during the warbler's eight month stay in the Bahamas. Kirtland's warblers are one of more than 200 neo-tropical migratory species that nest in North America and winter in the tropics.
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==External Links==
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121022073449/http://www.birdlife.org/news/news/2007/11/kirtlands_nest_discovery.html BirdLife International: Conservationists "thrilled" as Kirtland's Warbler returns to Canada]
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It was not until 1903 that Norman A. Wood discovered the first nest in Oscoda County in northern lower Michigan. Until 1996, all nests were found within 60 miles of this site. Since then, a small number of nests have been found each year in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Nesting also has occurred in Wisconsin and the province of Ontario.
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<br />
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{{GSearch|"Dendroica kirtlandi" {{!}} "Dendroica kirtlandii" {{!}} "Setophaga kirtlandi" {{!}} "Setophaga kirtlandii" {{!}} "Kirtland's Warbler"}}
  
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The diet of the warbler includes many different insect species at various developmental stages, including caterpillars, butterflies, moths, flies, grasshoppers, as well as ripe blueberries, when in season.
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{{GS-checked}}1
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<br />
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<br />
  
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Breeding
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[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Setophaga]]
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Male Kirtland's warblers arrive back in Michigan from the Bahamas between May 3 and May 20, a few days ahead of the females. The males establish and defend territories and then court the females when they arrive. The males' song is loud, yet low pitched, ending with an upward inflection. As the female builds a nest of leaves and grass, lined with mosses or deer hair, the male begins to bring her food. This duty continues through laying and the incubation process, with which the males rarely help. Four to five cream white eggs speckled and blotched with brown are laid in late May, followed by an incubation of 13-16 days. Both parents feed the chicks, which grow quickly and have left the nest within nine days, staying in the undergrowth and lowest branches of the trees. Within five weeks, the parents have ceased feeding their young
 
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==External Links==
 
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*[http://www.birdforum.net/pp_gallery/showgallery.php?mcats=all&what=allfields&si=Dendroica+kirtlandii View more images of Kirtland's Warbler in the gallery]
 
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[[Category:Birds]]
 

Latest revision as of 22:54, 5 February 2024

Male
Photo by kegressy
Point Pelee National Park, Ontario, Canada, 14 May 2005
Setophaga kirtlandii

Dendroica kirtlandii

Identification

Length 15 cm (4.75 inches), weight 12–16 g

  • Thin, pointed bill, broken eye ring, gray nape and upperparts, yellow throat, breast and belly, white undertail coverts, streaked sides and flanks, dull white wing bars, dark legs
  • Male: brighter colors, with black lores, slightly blue-gray upperparts, and bright yellow underparts
  • Female: duller colors, with gray lores and upperparts and pale yellow underparts
  • Juvenile: as female, but upperparts even duller, slightly brownish-gray

Distribution

Female
Photo by bobsofpa
Magee Marsh, Ohio, USA, 14 May 2013

Nests primarily in the northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan, USA. In 2007 the species was found nesting in nearby areas of Wisconsin, and Ontario, Canada. Migrates across the southeastern United States to its wintering grounds in the Bahamas. Accidental over short distances north, west, and east of breeding range.

Taxonomy

This is a monotypic species.
Formerly placed in the genus Dendroica.

Habitat

Breeds only in even-aged young Jack Pine Pinus banksiana forests 2–7 m tall and with dense ground cover that develop following forest fires. When the pines grow above 7 m tall, the ground cover gets shaded out and is unsuitable for nesting and the birds move elsewhere to find younger pines. Rarely also uses young Red Pine Pinus resinosa forests. The population has increased from around 200 pairs in the 1970s to 1600 pairs, due to careful management to optimize the area of Jack Pine stands of suitable age. Winters in Bahamas Pine Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis forests.

Behaviour

Its nests generally are concealed in mixed vegetation of grasses and shrubs, lined with moss and built by the female. Four or five cream eggs are laid, and are incubated for 13-16 days.

The diet of the warbler includes many different insect species at various developmental stages, including caterpillars, butterflies, moths, flies, grasshoppers, as well as ripe blueberries.

References

  1. Clements, JF. 2011. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to August 2011. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/downloadable-clements-checklist
  2. Avibase

Recommended Citation

External Links


GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1

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