You can book whale watching trips from Vancouver but you won't get much in the way of sea birds that you can't get from shore, though you'll probably get better looks at Pigeon Guillemot, Brandt's Cormorant etc. There are lots of great birding options in Vancouver including Stanley Park, Queen Elizabeth Park, George C. Reifel Refuge, Boundary Bay, Brunswick Point, Iona Island. Unfortunately, only really the first two are easily accessible without personal transport. That being said, virtually any medium or larger sized city park within or near the city will have many of the west coast songbirds, Anna's Hummingbird etc.
You could get in touch with Avocet Tours to see if they would have a guide available for day trips if you are interested.
Contact Us | Avocet Tours
Otherwise you could try connecting with local birders via one of the local birding facebook groups or similar. For example
Birds of BC | Facebook
Renting a car in both Calgary and Vancouver should be straight forward though expect pretty grim rush hour traffic in the latter (not sure about Calgary).