Yes, there are significant differences with identical low to middle price binoculars.
These differences are obvious with 20/15 vision optically, and mechanically there is also a lot of variation.
I have not been able to test six top quality identical binoculars at the same time.
In general, the higher the price the better the quality control, but not always.
I have been shocked at how good some secondhand binoculars are that cost around £50.
The number of seriously good binoculars I have tested is low, but I don't buy dozens of top end binoculars.
In general, professional and military optics are better than consumer optics.
When I trawled the eight local charity shops I basically traded my time for getting low price bargains.
My friends used ex gov auctions or lost items auctions and general auctions.
I tried this but it is too much like hard work.
Sometimes just good luck turned up great items.
Here, on birdforum, the goal seems to be on the newest and greatest.
I am quite happy with good older optics.
In short, Binoculars were introduced in the 1600s.
Prisms in the late 1800s, with possibly relay optics or mirrors before this for upright images, although some astro binoculars just had inverted images.
Coatings came about 1940.
Image stabilizers in the 1990s.
Glass types have also steadily advanced, but many new glasses are fragile or tarnish instantly unless immediately hard coated.
But yes, identical looking binoculars vary, sometimes considerably.
Regards,
B.