(Photo of Juveniles. Subspecies. Misc information. References) |
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| − | [[Image:Asian_Glossy_Starling.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|rizal2003|rizal2003}}<br> | + | [[Image:Asian_Glossy_Starling.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|rizal2003|rizal2003}}<br />Kuala Lumpur, [[Malaysia]] in Oct. 2004]] |
;[[:Category:Aplonis|Aplonis]] panayensis | ;[[:Category:Aplonis|Aplonis]] panayensis | ||
| − | |||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | Glossy, iridescent plumage appearing green, purple or black. | + | '''Adult''': Glossy, iridescent plumage appearing green, purple or black. Red eyes. |
| + | '''Juvenile''': has bold dark streaks over a greyish-brown dull white body | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | [[Bangladesh]], [[Brunei]], [[ | + | '''Asia''': [[India]], [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], [[Bangladesh]]<br /> |
| − | + | '''Southeast Asia''': [[Indochina]], [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]], [[Malaysia]], [[Malay Peninsula]], [[Brunei]], [[Singapore]], [[Philippines]], Island of [[Borneo]], [[Indonesia]], [[Greater Sundas]], [[Sumatra]], [[Java]], [[Sulawesi]], [[Bali]], [[Mollucas]] | |
| + | [[Image:JP1 8800sq.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juveniles<br />Photo by {{user|Joe+Pan|Joe Pan}}<br />Kinabatangan District, Sabah, [[Malaysia]], May 2007]] | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | There are | + | ====Subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>==== |
| + | There are 14 subspecies. | ||
| + | *''A. p. affinis'': | ||
| + | :*Assam to [[Bangladesh]] and [[Myanmar]] (Arakan Yoma Mountains) | ||
| + | *''A. p. strigata'': | ||
| + | :*Southern [[Thailand]] to [[Malaysia]], [[Sumatra]], [[Java]] and western [[Borneo]] | ||
| + | *''A. p. tytleri'': | ||
| + | :*[[Andaman Islands]] and Car [[Nicobar Islands]] | ||
| + | *''A. p. albiris'': | ||
| + | :*Great and Central [[Nicobar Islands]] | ||
| + | *''A. p. heterochlora'': | ||
| + | :*Anambas and Natuna islands (off [[Borneo]]) | ||
| + | *''A. p. eustathis'': | ||
| + | :*Eastern [[Borneo]] | ||
| + | *''A. p. alipodis'': | ||
| + | :*Panjang, Maratau and Derawan islands (off eastern [[Borneo]]) | ||
| + | *''A. p. panayensis'': | ||
| + | :*Northern [[Sulawesi]] and [[Philippines|Philippine Islands]] | ||
| + | *''A. p. sanghirensis'': | ||
| + | :*Talaud, Sangihe, Siau, Tahjlandang, Ruang, and Biaro islands | ||
| + | *''A. p. enganensis'': | ||
| + | :*Enggano Island (off southern [[Sumatra]]) | ||
| + | *''A. p. altirostris'': | ||
| + | :*Simuelue, Banyan and Nias islands (off western [[Sumatra]]) | ||
| + | *''A. p. leptorrhyncha'': | ||
| + | :*Batu Island (off western [[Sumatra]]) | ||
| + | *''A. p. pachistorhina'': | ||
| + | :*Mentawi Islands (off western [[Sumatra]]) | ||
| + | *''A. p. gusti'': | ||
| + | :*[[Bali]] | ||
| + | ''leptorrhyncha'' is not accepted by all authorities<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup> | ||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
| − | Moist lowland forests, mangrove forests, | + | Moist lowland forests, mangrove forests, open country, farms, plantations and gardens |
| − | |||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
| + | ====Diet==== | ||
The diet includes soft fruits (papaya, banana, mango, figs), berries and insects. | The diet includes soft fruits (papaya, banana, mango, figs), berries and insects. | ||
| − | + | ====Breeding==== | |
| − | They nest in tree holes, palm tree crowns and thickets of epiphytic ferns. When a hole is used, little nesting material is used; otherwise, the nest is built using grass and items of rubbish, such as paper. Three eggs (blue, spotted dark brown) are laid at any time of the year, peaking March-June. | + | They nest in tree holes, palm tree crowns and thickets of epiphytic ferns. When a hole is used, little nesting material is used; otherwise, the nest is built using grass and items of rubbish, such as paper. Three eggs (blue, spotted dark brown) are laid at any time of the year, peaking March-June. |
| − | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | # | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thDec08}}#Avibase |
| − | + | #Naturia | |
| + | #BF Member observations | ||
| + | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
{{GSearch|Aplonis+panayensis}} | {{GSearch|Aplonis+panayensis}} | ||
[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Aplonis]] | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Aplonis]] | ||
Revision as of 23:52, 4 July 2009
- Aplonis panayensis
Identification
Adult: Glossy, iridescent plumage appearing green, purple or black. Red eyes.
Juvenile: has bold dark streaks over a greyish-brown dull white body
Distribution
Asia: India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Bangladesh
Southeast Asia: Indochina, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Malay Peninsula, Brunei, Singapore, Philippines, Island of Borneo, Indonesia, Greater Sundas, Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, Bali, Mollucas
Taxonomy
Subspecies[1]
There are 14 subspecies.
- A. p. affinis:
- Assam to Bangladesh and Myanmar (Arakan Yoma Mountains)
- A. p. strigata:
- A. p. tytleri:
- Andaman Islands and Car Nicobar Islands
- A. p. albiris:
- Great and Central Nicobar Islands
- A. p. heterochlora:
- Anambas and Natuna islands (off Borneo)
- A. p. eustathis:
- Eastern Borneo
- A. p. alipodis:
- Panjang, Maratau and Derawan islands (off eastern Borneo)
- A. p. panayensis:
- Northern Sulawesi and Philippine Islands
- A. p. sanghirensis:
- Talaud, Sangihe, Siau, Tahjlandang, Ruang, and Biaro islands
- A. p. enganensis:
- Enggano Island (off southern Sumatra)
- A. p. altirostris:
- Simuelue, Banyan and Nias islands (off western Sumatra)
- A. p. leptorrhyncha:
- Batu Island (off western Sumatra)
- A. p. pachistorhina:
- Mentawi Islands (off western Sumatra)
- A. p. gusti:
leptorrhyncha is not accepted by all authorities[2]
Habitat
Moist lowland forests, mangrove forests, open country, farms, plantations and gardens
Behaviour
Diet
The diet includes soft fruits (papaya, banana, mango, figs), berries and insects.
Breeding
They nest in tree holes, palm tree crowns and thickets of epiphytic ferns. When a hole is used, little nesting material is used; otherwise, the nest is built using grass and items of rubbish, such as paper. Three eggs (blue, spotted dark brown) are laid at any time of the year, peaking March-June.
References
- Clements, JF. 2008. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2008. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019.
- Avibase
- Naturia
- BF Member observations
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Asian Glossy Starling. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 26 April 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Asian_Glossy_Starling
