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+ | [[Image:Winter_Wren.jpg|thumb|500px|right|Photo by {{user|Steve+Round|Steve Round}}<br />Wirral, [[Cheshire]], [[England]], July 2004]] | ||
;[[:Category:Troglodytes|Troglodytes]] troglodytes | ;[[:Category:Troglodytes|Troglodytes]] troglodytes | ||
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==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
Length is 9-10 cm (3.5 - 4 inches) | Length is 9-10 cm (3.5 - 4 inches) | ||
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*''T. t. tianschanicus'': North-eastern [[Iran]] and southern Transcaspia to northern [[Afghanistan]] and [[Turkestan]] | *''T. t. tianschanicus'': North-eastern [[Iran]] and southern Transcaspia to northern [[Afghanistan]] and [[Turkestan]] | ||
*''T. t. pallescens'': Kamchatka Peninsula and Komandorskiye Islands | *''T. t. pallescens'': Kamchatka Peninsula and Komandorskiye Islands | ||
+ | [[Image:Winter Wren A.JPG|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''taivanus'' <br />Photo by {{user|Mark+Bruce|Mark Bruce}}<br />Anmashan, Taichung County, [[Taiwan]], December 2008<br />A high alpine species found in forest undergrowth between 2000m-3400m]] | ||
*''T. t. kurilensis'': Northern Kuril Islands (Shasukotan and Ushichi) | *''T. t. kurilensis'': Northern Kuril Islands (Shasukotan and Ushichi) | ||
*''T. t. fumigatus'': Southern Kuril Islands and [[Japan]] | *''T. t. fumigatus'': Southern Kuril Islands and [[Japan]] | ||
*''T. t. mosukei'': Izu Islands and Daito Islands | *''T. t. mosukei'': Izu Islands and Daito Islands | ||
*''T. t. ogawae'': Southern [[Japan|Japanese Archipelago]] (Tanegashima and Yakushima) | *''T. t. ogawae'': Southern [[Japan|Japanese Archipelago]] (Tanegashima and Yakushima) | ||
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*''T. t. taivanus'': [[Taiwan]] | *''T. t. taivanus'': [[Taiwan]] | ||
*''T. t. dauricus'': Eastern [[Siberia]] to [[Sakhalin]], Manchuria and [[Korea]] | *''T. t. dauricus'': Eastern [[Siberia]] to [[Sakhalin]], Manchuria and [[Korea]] | ||
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*''T. t. nipalensis'': [[Himalayas]] of [[Nepal]] to north-eastern Assam and southern [[Tibet]] | *''T. t. nipalensis'': [[Himalayas]] of [[Nepal]] to north-eastern Assam and southern [[Tibet]] | ||
*''T. t. magrathi'': Mountains on borders of [[Pakistan]] and [[Afghanistan]]<br /> | *''T. t. magrathi'': Mountains on borders of [[Pakistan]] and [[Afghanistan]]<br /> | ||
− | + | [[Image:IMG 0049a.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''hirtensis'', St Kilda Wren <br />Heavier barring, greyer (less rufus) plumage and stockier body than mainland species<br />Photo by {{user|Bert+Swan|Bert Swan}}<br />Hirta, [[St Kilda]], [[Outer Hebrides]], [[Scotland]]<br />Seen on 430 metre cliff]] | |
Was formerly considered conspecific with [[Winter Wren]] and [[Pacific Wren]]. | Was formerly considered conspecific with [[Winter Wren]] and [[Pacific Wren]]. | ||
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# Rice et al 1999 [http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v101n02/p0446-p0451.pdf Condor] 101:446-451 | # Rice et al 1999 [http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v101n02/p0446-p0451.pdf Condor] 101:446-451 | ||
# [http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?t=114503&highlight=Troglodytes+pacificus Thread] in Birdforum Taxonomy forum and references therein. | # [http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?t=114503&highlight=Troglodytes+pacificus Thread] in Birdforum Taxonomy forum and references therein. | ||
− | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thDec10}}#Bird Watching |
#[http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.1525/auk.2010.127.3.726 51st supplement to the AOU checklist of North American birds] | #[http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.1525/auk.2010.127.3.726 51st supplement to the AOU checklist of North American birds] | ||
{{ref}} | {{ref}} |
Revision as of 21:12, 21 June 2011
- Troglodytes troglodytes
Identification
Length is 9-10 cm (3.5 - 4 inches)
- Mostly brown, in most populations with a reddish tint
- Small tail (often cocked)
- Pale buff underside (some populations almost as dark as the back)
- Prominent pale supercilium
- Bill slightly down curved
Island populations tends to be larger birds than continental populations. For example in Iceland and the Faroe Islands, wings, legs, and bill are longer than in the UK.
Distribution
In Europe from Iceland to central Scandinavia and south to the Mediterranean.
In Asia, it is widely distributed from north to south in the eastern end, but in central Asia, there is a gap separating those populations from western Asian and European populations.
Taxonomy
Subspecies[4]
Many subspecies have been described:
- T. t. islandicus: Iceland
- T. t. borealis: Faeroe Islands (north Atlantic Ocean)
- T. t. zetlandicus: Shetland Islands (Scotland)
- T. t. hebridensis: Outer Hebrides Islands (Scotland)
- T. t. fridariensis: Fair Isle (Scotland)
- T. t. hirtensis: St Kilda Islands (Scotland)
- T. t. indigenus: Ireland, Inner Hebrides, Orkneys, Scotland and England
- T. t. troglodytes: Continental Europe and Asia Minor
- T. t. kabylorum: Balearic Islands, southern Spain and north-western Africa (Morocco to Tunisia)
- T. t. koenigi: Corsica and Sardinia
- T. t.s cypriotes: Crete, Rhodes, Cyprus and Near East
- T. t. hyrcanus: Crimean Peninsula to Caucasus Mountains, northern Iraq and Iran
- T. t. juniperi: North-western Libya
- T. t. tianschanicus: North-eastern Iran and southern Transcaspia to northern Afghanistan and Turkestan
- T. t. pallescens: Kamchatka Peninsula and Komandorskiye Islands
- T. t. kurilensis: Northern Kuril Islands (Shasukotan and Ushichi)
- T. t. fumigatus: Southern Kuril Islands and Japan
- T. t. mosukei: Izu Islands and Daito Islands
- T. t. ogawae: Southern Japanese Archipelago (Tanegashima and Yakushima)
- T. t. taivanus: Taiwan
- T. t. dauricus: Eastern Siberia to Sakhalin, Manchuria and Korea
- T. t. idius: Northern China (south Hebei to Shandong)
- T. t. szetschuanus: South-western China (southern Shaanxi and Sichuan east to Hupei)
- T. t. talifuensis: Western China (southern Sichuan to western Yunnan) and north-eastern Burma
- T. t. subpallidus: Himalayas of Afghanistan
- T. t. neglectus: Western Himalayas (Gilgit to western Nepal)
- T. t. nipalensis: Himalayas of Nepal to north-eastern Assam and southern Tibet
- T. t. magrathi: Mountains on borders of Pakistan and Afghanistan
Was formerly considered conspecific with Winter Wren and Pacific Wren.
Rice et al in 1999 proposed placing this species in its own genus, Nannus2. Later molecular studies support this classification, because the closest relative of Winter Wren are not other members of the genus Troglodytes but the Marsh and Sedge Wrens3.
Habitat
Can be found in almost any habitat, low down in undergrowth from gardens and woodland to clifftops.
Behaviour
Tends to keep low when flying.
Diet
Forages under dense cover for small insects and spiders
Breeding
The nest is a ball of grass, leaves or other vegetation and may be placed in a bank hole, in thick vegetation or tucked under overhang. The clutch consists of 5-8 white eggs with brownish-red speckles. They are incubated for about 2 weeks and fledge around 16 or 17 days later.
There are usually 2 broods in the season which runs from April to August.
Vocalisation
Call: Hard, dry chit or chiti
Song: Loud (especially given its size) warbling. Can last up to ten seconds.
References
- Toews DP, Irwin DE 2008. Mol Ecol. Jun;17(11):2691-705
- Rice et al 1999 Condor 101:446-451
- Thread in Birdforum Taxonomy forum and references therein.
- Clements, JF. 2010. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2010. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/Clements%206.5.xls/view
- Bird Watching
- 51st supplement to the AOU checklist of North American birds
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Eurasian Wren. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 29 April 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Eurasian_Wren
External Links