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Rewilding Britain (1 Viewer)

Many inaccuracies - as you would expect from the Guardian - for instance there are no wild reindeer in the Cairngorms, just a managed herd that spends winter in enclosures (and pulling Santa) and summer in controlled circumstances where tourists can be escorted to them reliably and expensively (for the tourists that is.)

Alladale is no more rewilding than Longleat. As soon as you have fences to keep animals in you have stopped rewilding.

The big issues with the big predators that we really need are two-fold:

1. Assuming their reintroduction is facilitated legally and they are given legal protection, the farmers will wipe them out illegally. Grouse farmers do this already with birds, it is inconceivable that they won't with large mammals.

2. Media frenzy in the event of a human attack, despite the total toleration by the human population of road- and cold-weather culling of its numbers.

John
 
1. Assuming their reintroduction is facilitated legally and they are given legal protection, the farmers will wipe them out illegally. Grouse farmers do this already with birds, it is inconceivable that they won't with large mammals.

2. Media frenzy in the event of a human attack, despite the total toleration by the human population of road- and cold-weather culling of its numbers.
Excellent analysis.

Also:
3. When a large mammal (e.g one of those Wicken Fen horses or highland cattle) dies from natural causes, will it be left to recycle in the environment? Carrion is an important part of natural wild ecosystems, but I can't see it being permitted in Britain.
 
Why is there talk about bears? As much as I appreciate things that naturally reduce the number of dog walkers, I don't think the idea of re-introducing bears to Britain is a sensible one. Unless the human population were to drop below 10 million or so, which would only happen if there was a truly apocalyptic plague or natural disaster, that is.
I think they should stick to Lynx for the time being - that'll be difficult enough anyway.
 
Why is there talk about bears? As much as I appreciate things that naturally reduce the number of dog walkers, I don't think the idea of re-introducing bears to Britain is a sensible one. Unless the human population were to drop below 10 million or so, which would only happen if there was a truly apocalyptic plague or natural disaster, that is.
I think they should stick to Lynx for the time being - that'll be difficult enough anyway.

Well, Bears were in the OP, so I carried on... Actually I don't see why we couldn't have them in Scotland, they survived there till after Roman times and the place is only lightly populated. Ditto Wolves.

Lynx is a fairly namby-pamby substitute, and I suspect it has potential to damage the remaining Wildcats, in addition to being as likely to take gamebirds as young deer. I really wonder whether it will actually be counter-productive with land-owners in East Anglia and Eastern Scotland where grouse, pheasant and partridge are the centre of attention. Cumbria is also a curious choice, I don't have much info but my own experience is that the county is anything but over-run with deer - lack of deer carrion has been cited as a problem for the Lake District eagles in the past.

John
 
Agree and disagree with some of the points raised so far. Lynx are the only predator, for me, which can be reintroduced on a wide scale and fit into the environment. They will aid forest regeneration, control Deer numbers (even The Deer Initiative have shown tentative approval of a trial I believe), aid forest regeneration and provide a natural predator for Foxes and Badgers (maybe even Beavers in the future?!) They would aid the Wildcat through control/fear factor on feral cats and aid the regeneration of their forest habitat. With the increased focus on wildlife crime I would be more confident they would be safe, plus their predation on game birds/livestock is low in Europe. I also think Wales is a strange choice for trial sites owing to the lack of Deer.

I wrote an article on rewilding here: http://www.conservation-careers.com/rewilding-a-careers-perspective/ which looks into the possibility of bringing the bigger predators back in a semi-wild context. They could live pretty naturally in invisible electric fencing with some management required - the areas of land being rewilded in Scotland are large and this could be viable in 15-20 years IMO if the technology, funds and willpower are there to do it. The thoughts on carrion are interesting - every natural function needs to be preserved where possible. Human tidying has a lot to answer for in the countryside!

James :)
 
Large predators have been shown repeatedly to have a depressive effect on meso-predators, and it is likely that Lynx may have some effect on Red Foxes - though fox breeding gives them considerable resilience (are reintroduced Lynx going to come near the 120,000 fox RTA per annum?) but it makes no sense at all to make the first large predator reintroduction to Wildcat territory the one that climbs trees.

If anything the reintroduction of Lynx to Scotland at least should await the reintroduction of the Wolf, which is known to keep down meso-predators (which I believe would include controlling Lynx numbers), modify deer behaviour in favour of the overall environment as well as reducing overall numbers to sustainable levels and doesn't climb trees.

At present the issue about the Lynx has to be: what ultimately will control its numbers? The answer ought to be the keystone species.

Electric fences should be reserved for protecting domestic animals in overnight secure enclosures before they are allowed out to graze. (This old way of doing things would provide employment for additional humans, as well: perhaps it could be used as a form of fat camp - a few months striding up and down fells should sort the nation's obese out, especially as winter approaches and the sound of howling gets closer! Now there's an incentive to get fit....) They should not be used to divvy up the wilderness. Apart from anything else Man is utterly incapable of correctly judging what areas should be in and which out: in addition all fences end up porous (Jurassic Park anyone?)

John
 
Wildcats make up a tiny proportion of the diet of a Lynx, the real stronghold is the west coast of Scotland, not a proposed Lynx reintroduction site. They would certainly have a localized effect, and as with Deer, we could see a behavioural change from the Foxes, potentially all good for ground nesting birds. Wildcat Haven have achieved an incredible amount of the Scottish Wildcat, whilst official government projects have done little and certain NGO's spend millions on gimmicky marketing campaigns and hides that resemble the empire state building, perhaps this should be tackled as a separate issue.

Lynx were reintroduced in the 1970s to Switzerland, cause few problems and a yet do not have to be controlled. This could be done through relocation and would be many years down the line, Lynx are an apex predator after all, and occupy their own niche. All wilderness is limited by its borders, some even has fences, such as Mkomazi game reserve in Africa to keep poachers out. Given the UK is so small, I would accept a semi-wilderness where Bison, Bear and Wolves live a 70% natural life and the land is ecologically enriched over nothing any day of the week. Invisible fencing is already used very successfully and the technology is advancing all the time - as the wire is buried less can go wrong, plus it is relatively cheap so you could have 3/4 potentially running off different power sources. I love the idea of livestock guarding fitness camps though!

James
 
What's the home range size of a lynx? I am doubtful you can get a large enough area fenced in to actually successfully support a stable lynx population, based at least on what I know of North American cats, that would not in tantamount amount to a captive population.
 
What's the home range size of a lynx? I am doubtful you can get a large enough area fenced in to actually successfully support a stable lynx population, based at least on what I know of North American cats, that would not in tantamount amount to a captive population.
I'd be surprised if it's much less than 100 sq. km.
 
Lynx ... will ... control Deer numbers (even The Deer Initiative have shown tentative approval of a trial I believe),
I wonder if they will? Do large cats exert much control over herbivore numbers?

I remember reading that in eastern Siberia, hunters are keen on protecting tigers, as they (a) do not deplete deer numbers much, but (b) do exert a control on wolf numbers. Wolves do deplete deer numbers, so forests without tigers have lots of wolves but few deer, while forests with tigers have few wolves but lots of deer, which is what the hunters prefer. Lynx are more likely to act like tigers than wolves in effects on prey species.
 
Wildcats make up a tiny proportion of the diet of a Lynx, the real stronghold is the west coast of Scotland, not a proposed Lynx reintroduction site. Wildcat Haven have achieved an incredible amount of the Scottish Wildcat, whilst official government projects have done little and certain NGO's spend millions on gimmicky marketing campaigns and hides that resemble the empire state building, perhaps this should be tackled as a separate issue.

James

Its not the proportion of Lynx diet that matters but the ability to catch Wildcats and any lack of toleration they have for other predators in their territory (cf Goshawk and Eagle Owl, which have a considerable depressive effect on other predators.) Wildcats are already on the brink (if not beyond it) and cannot possibly stand another negative factor.

I agree that Wildcat Haven is a good project doing great things: I'd hate to see it wasted by reintroducing larger predators in the wrong order.

John
 
I'd hate to see it wasted by reintroducing larger predators in the wrong order.

I'd personally see far fewer issues with Lynx being reintroduced to the UK than Wolf, on virtually every angle, not least available suitable terrain. But it's probably all academic - given the massive opposition to even White-tailed Eagles being given a helping hand, it's pie in the sky to imaging Wolves roaming the depths of off yonder suburbia, no?
 
The opposition is not 'massive', it is a tiny minority; the problem is that this tiny minority exercises power and influence - both political, and in will and means to break the law - way beyond its numerical strength.
 
I wonder if they will? Do large cats exert much control over herbivore numbers?

I remember reading that in eastern Siberia, hunters are keen on protecting tigers, as they (a) do not deplete deer numbers much, but (b) do exert a control on wolf numbers. Wolves do deplete deer numbers, so forests without tigers have lots of wolves but few deer, while forests with tigers have few wolves but lots of deer, which is what the hunters prefer. Lynx are more likely to act like tigers than wolves in effects on prey species.

Lynx prey largely on small to fairly large sized mammals and birds. Among the recorded prey items for the species are hares, rabbits, marmots, squirrels, dormice, other rodents, mustelids (such as martens), grouse, red foxes, wild boar, chamois, young moose, roe deer, red deer, reindeer and other ungulates. Although taking on larger prey presents a risk to the animal, the bounty provided by killing them can outweigh the risks. The Eurasian lynx thus prefers fairly large ungulate prey, especially during winter when small prey is less abundant. They are the only Lynx species in which ungulates provide a great portion of their diet in relation to lagomorphs or rodents. Where common, roe deer appear to be the preferred prey species for the lynx.[12][13] Even where roe deer are quite uncommon, the deer are still quantitatively the favored prey species, though in summer smaller prey and occasional domestic sheep are eaten more regularly.[14] In parts of Finland, introduced white-tailed deer are eaten mostly regularly.[13] In some areas of Poland and Austria, red deer are the preferred prey and, in Switzerland, chamois may be locally favored.[13] They will also feed on carrion when it is available
Not the most reliable source at times, this is from wikipedia.
 
I agree that Wildcat Haven is a good project doing great things: I'd hate to see it wasted by reintroducing larger predators in the wrong order.

John

For the record Wildcat Haven fully support the plans to introduce Eurasian Lynx into the UK. The positives of a lynx introduction, including the control feral cat populations and foxes far outweigh the slim chance of Wildcat predation by lynx. Wildcat have evolved alongside lynx and given the chance a lynx would prefer a juicy domestic tabby over a feisty, potentially dangerous Wildcat.
 
For the record Wildcat Haven fully support the plans to introduce Eurasian Lynx into the UK. The positives of a lynx introduction, including the control feral cat populations and foxes far outweigh the slim chance of Wildcat predation by lynx. Wildcat have evolved alongside lynx and given the chance a lynx would prefer a juicy domestic tabby over a feisty, potentially dangerous Wildcat.

The biggest threat to Wildcats are feral cats. I wonder in Countries with large Lynx populations are feral cat numbers reduced due to predation by Lynx.
 
The biggest threat to Wildcats are feral cats. I wonder in Countries with large Lynx populations are feral cat numbers reduced due to predation by Lynx.

Its a good and probably relevant question: but the evidence in Scotland is that ferals tend (only tend) to remain near human habitation/along roads: whereas it is a reasonable supposition that Lynx will stay away from both and therefore tend to encounter wilder cats.

I also wonder what effect Lynx will have on Capercaillie.....

I'll be honest: I'm really not sure about Lynx in Scotland without a superior predator to keep them in check. Introducing them with little more to depend on for our rarest, most threatened iconic species than crossed fingers - which appears to be the plan - doesn't fill me with confidence.

John
 
I wonder in Countries with large Lynx populations are feral cat numbers reduced due to predation by Lynx.

Estonia has one of the best Lynx populations in Europe - in a very small country, 400-800 animals reside I think, depending on the year. Many are in areas of mixed woodland/meadows/farmsteads, etc. No shortage of domestic cats strolling around in prime Lynx areas.

I also wonder what effect Lynx will have on Capercaillie.....

Again in the case of Estonia, Capercaillie are common (I saw almost 20 on random forest tracks last weekend in an area good for Lynx).
 
I'll be honest: I'm really not sure about Lynx in Scotland without a superior predator to keep them in check.

Could say it is not a good idea to have Beavers reintroduced without a superior predator to keep them in check, i.e. Lynx.

However, this keeping in check argument is I think weak - Wolf do displace Lynx, Lynx do predate Beavers, but in reality the presence of the predator in both cases does not seem to suppress the prey species much. In Estonia, Wolf, Lynx and Beaver are all common; in Lithuania, Lynx is increasing despite presence of Wolf, etc.
 
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