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| + | [[Image:Calidris canutus canutus, Shetland.jpg|thumb|550px|right|''C. c. canutus'', post-breeding adult<br />Photo © by the late '''[http://www.birdforum.net/gallery/showgallery.php?cat=500&ppuser=35827 Jim Wood]'''<br />[[Shetland]], [[UK]]; 5 August 2013.]] | ||
;[[:Category:Calidris|Calidris]] canutus | ;[[:Category:Calidris|Calidris]] canutus | ||
| − | [[Image: | + | ==Identification== |
| + | [[Image:Calidris canutus islandica, winter, Hartlepool.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Winter adult, presumed ''C. c. islandica'' by location & date<br />Photo © by {{user|IanF|IanF}}<br />Hartlepool, [[Cleveland]], [[UK]]; 5 April 2008 ]] | ||
| + | Length 23–26 cm (9-10¼ in), wingspan 47–53 cm, weight 85–220 g<br /> | ||
| + | *Black bill | ||
| + | *Olive-green legs | ||
| + | '''Summer''' <br /> | ||
| + | Brick-red to orangey-chestnut head and breast; black, orange and grey spangled upperparts, white under-tail [[Topography#General Anatomy|coverts]] and grey wings with a light bar and dark tips<br /> | ||
| + | '''Winter'''<br /> | ||
| + | Reddish parts become plain grey above and white below; pale grey rump obvious in flight<br /> | ||
| + | '''Juvenile'''<br /> | ||
| + | Similar to adult winter, but upperpart feathers fringed with narrow dark inner and pale outer fringes, giving a scalloped pattern<br /> | ||
| + | '''Subadult'''<br /> | ||
| + | Similar to adult winter; one-year-old birds do not develop summer plumage, and typically remain on the wintering grounds through their first summer | ||
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==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | Breeds in the high Arctic, rarely in the Western Palearctic but there are old breeding records for Svalbard. | + | [[Image:Calidris canutus roselaari, juvenile, Aruba.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile, presumed ''C. c. roselaari'' by location<br />Photo © by {{user|Rodrigo+Conte|Rodrigo Conte}}<br />[[Aruba]], [[Caribbean]]; 21 September 2014]] |
| + | Breeds in the high Arctic of [[Russia]], [[Alaska]], [[Canada]], and [[Greenland]]; rarely in the [[Western Palearctic]] but there are old breeding records for [[Svalbard]]. | ||
| − | + | A [[Dictionary_P-S#P|passage migrant]] and winter visitor to many of the World's coasts; rare inland but will use large freshwater lakes on passage. | |
| − | + | For the main wintering areas, see for each subspecies below. Common on passage in the Baltic and on northwest European coasts in July to September, with smaller numbers again in May. | |
| + | '''Vagrant''' to various [[Cyprus]] and the Near East countries, [[Madeira]] and [[Cape Verde Islands]]. Vagrant or rare but regular winter visitor to the [[Azores]]. | ||
| − | |||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | There are six subspecies, | + | Most closely related to the [[Great Knot]] - [[Surfbird]] species pair. |
| − | *''C. c. | + | |
| − | *''C. c. | + | ====Subspecies==== |
| − | *''C. c. | + | [[Image:7D2 0872 b 900.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile, presumably Nominate subspecies due to timing<br />Photo © by {{user|Joe52|Joe52}}<br />Bournemouth, Dorset, August 2018]] |
| − | *''C. c. | + | There are six subspecies, eastwards from the Greenwich meridian<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: |
| − | *''C. c. | + | *''C. c. canutus'' |
| − | *''C. c. piersmai'' | + | *:Breeds northwest [[Siberia]] (Taimyr Peninsula & Severnaya Zemlya), migrates via north and west Europe to the Atlantic coast of west [[Africa]] south to [[South Africa]] |
| + | *''C. c. piersmai'' | ||
| + | *:Breeds north-central [[Siberia]] (Yakutia & Novosibirskiye Islands), migrates via eastern China to the Indian Ocean coast of [[Australia]] | ||
| + | *''C. c. rogersi'' | ||
| + | *:Breeds northeast [[Siberia]] (Chukotskiy Peninsula & Wrangel Island), migrates via Korea to the Pacific Ocean coast of [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]] | ||
| + | *''C. c. roselaari'' | ||
| + | *:Breeds [[Alaska]], migrates via western [[North America]] to the southwestern [[Caribbean]] | ||
| + | *''C. c. rufa'' | ||
| + | *:Breeds north-central [[Canada]], migrates via southeastern [[United States]] (some also wintering) to southern [[South America]]; has also been reported from [[Britain]] | ||
| + | *''C. c. islandica'' | ||
| + | *:Breeds northeastern [[Canada]], migrates via [[Iceland]] to northwestern [[Europe]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | The subspecies differ slightly in size (''C. c. piersmai'' smallest, ''C. c. roselaari'' largest), and in the intensity of the summer plumage colours. They cannot be separated in winter or juvenile plumages; their wintering ranges are known from ringing studies. In [[Britain]], two subspecies occur, but at different times of year, with ''C. c. canutus'' on passage in late summer and late spring, and ''C. c. islandica'' wintering from late autumn until early spring. | ||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Breeds in, sparsely vegetated foothills and high, rocky plateaux. On passage and in winter found on sandy and muddy shores, on wide estuaries and mudflats. Also on shingle beaches and sometimes on coastal grassland. | Breeds in, sparsely vegetated foothills and high, rocky plateaux. On passage and in winter found on sandy and muddy shores, on wide estuaries and mudflats. Also on shingle beaches and sometimes on coastal grassland. | ||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
| − | + | ====Diet==== | |
| + | Their diet consists mostly of insects, such as worms, beetles, spiders, bees, snails and small crustaceans. | ||
| + | ====Breeding==== | ||
| + | Three to four eggs are laid in a shallow lined scrape. They are incubated by both adults. The male tends the young until they fledge. | ||
| + | ====Vocalisation==== | ||
| + | {{ Audio|Calidris canutus (song).mp3 }} | ||
| + | ====Gallery==== | ||
| + | Click on photo for larger image | ||
| + | <gallery> | ||
| + | Image:Calidris canutus piersmai, Taiwan.jpg|''C. c. piersmai'', pre-breeding adult<br />Photo © by {{user|Dave+2x|Dave Irving}}<br />Watzuwei Nature Reserve, [[Taiwan]]; 13 May 2013 | ||
| + | Image:Calidris canutus rogersi, Waipu, Northland, New Zealand.jpg|''C. c. rogersi'', adults moulting into summer plumage<br />Photo © by {{user|flossiepip|flossiepip}}<br />Waipu, Northland, [[New Zealand]]; 8 March 2013 | ||
| + | Image:Calidris canutus rufa, Ft Myers, Florida.jpg|''C. c. rufa'', pre-breeding adult<br />Photo © by {{user|bobsofpa|bobsofpa}}<br />Bunche Beach Preserve, Ft Myers Beach, [[Florida]], [[USA]]; 4 May 2015 | ||
| + | Image:Calidris canutus islandica, winter, Lincs.jpg|Winter adult, presumed ''C. c. islandica'' by location & date<br />Photo © by {{user|targetman|targetman}}<br />[[Lincolnshire]] coast, [[UK]]; March 2010 | ||
| + | File:RedKnotIMG 5459.jpg|Adult, ''C. c. roselaari''<br />Photo © by {{user|jmorlan|jmorlan}}<br />Redwood City, [[California]], [[USA]], 18 April, 2023 | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
| + | ==References== | ||
| + | #{{Ref-Clements6thOct22}}#Collins Pocket Guide to British Birds 1966 | ||
| + | #Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved Aug 2018) | ||
| + | {{ref}} | ||
| + | ==External Links== | ||
| + | {{GSearch|"Calidris canutus" {{!}} "Red Knot"}} | ||
| + | {{GS-checked}}1 | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| − | + | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Calidris]][[Category:Bird Songs]] | |
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| − | [[Category: | ||
Latest revision as of 11:46, 7 December 2023
- Calidris canutus
Identification
Length 23–26 cm (9-10¼ in), wingspan 47–53 cm, weight 85–220 g
- Black bill
- Olive-green legs
Summer
Brick-red to orangey-chestnut head and breast; black, orange and grey spangled upperparts, white under-tail coverts and grey wings with a light bar and dark tips
Winter
Reddish parts become plain grey above and white below; pale grey rump obvious in flight
Juvenile
Similar to adult winter, but upperpart feathers fringed with narrow dark inner and pale outer fringes, giving a scalloped pattern
Subadult
Similar to adult winter; one-year-old birds do not develop summer plumage, and typically remain on the wintering grounds through their first summer
Distribution
Photo © by Rodrigo Conte
Aruba, Caribbean; 21 September 2014
Breeds in the high Arctic of Russia, Alaska, Canada, and Greenland; rarely in the Western Palearctic but there are old breeding records for Svalbard.
A passage migrant and winter visitor to many of the World's coasts; rare inland but will use large freshwater lakes on passage.
For the main wintering areas, see for each subspecies below. Common on passage in the Baltic and on northwest European coasts in July to September, with smaller numbers again in May.
Vagrant to various Cyprus and the Near East countries, Madeira and Cape Verde Islands. Vagrant or rare but regular winter visitor to the Azores.
Taxonomy
Most closely related to the Great Knot - Surfbird species pair.
Subspecies
Photo © by Joe52
Bournemouth, Dorset, August 2018
There are six subspecies, eastwards from the Greenwich meridian[1]:
- C. c. canutus
- Breeds northwest Siberia (Taimyr Peninsula & Severnaya Zemlya), migrates via north and west Europe to the Atlantic coast of west Africa south to South Africa
- C. c. piersmai
- C. c. rogersi
- Breeds northeast Siberia (Chukotskiy Peninsula & Wrangel Island), migrates via Korea to the Pacific Ocean coast of Australia and New Zealand
- C. c. roselaari
- Breeds Alaska, migrates via western North America to the southwestern Caribbean
- C. c. rufa
- Breeds north-central Canada, migrates via southeastern United States (some also wintering) to southern South America; has also been reported from Britain
- C. c. islandica
The subspecies differ slightly in size (C. c. piersmai smallest, C. c. roselaari largest), and in the intensity of the summer plumage colours. They cannot be separated in winter or juvenile plumages; their wintering ranges are known from ringing studies. In Britain, two subspecies occur, but at different times of year, with C. c. canutus on passage in late summer and late spring, and C. c. islandica wintering from late autumn until early spring.
Habitat
Breeds in, sparsely vegetated foothills and high, rocky plateaux. On passage and in winter found on sandy and muddy shores, on wide estuaries and mudflats. Also on shingle beaches and sometimes on coastal grassland.
Behaviour
Diet
Their diet consists mostly of insects, such as worms, beetles, spiders, bees, snails and small crustaceans.
Breeding
Three to four eggs are laid in a shallow lined scrape. They are incubated by both adults. The male tends the young until they fledge.
Vocalisation
Gallery
Click on photo for larger image
C. c. piersmai, pre-breeding adult
Photo © by Dave Irving
Watzuwei Nature Reserve, Taiwan; 13 May 2013
C. c. rogersi, adults moulting into summer plumage
Photo © by flossiepip
Waipu, Northland, New Zealand; 8 March 2013
Winter adult, presumed C. c. islandica by location & date
Photo © by targetman
Lincolnshire coast, UK; March 2010
Adult, C. c. roselaari
Photo © by jmorlan
Redwood City, California, USA, 18 April, 2023
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2022. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Collins Pocket Guide to British Birds 1966
- Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved Aug 2018)
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Red Knot. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 23 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Red_Knot
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1
