Here is an interesting comparison of a budget 8x42 and a premium 8x30 from Best Binocular Reviews. It is inferring that s quality 8x30 is as bright as a budget 8x42. Coatings can play a big part I guess. I have observed this myself that bigger aperture doesn't always mean a brighter image.
"I was out late in the evening testing the even smaller 8x30 Swarovski CL Companion binoculars for my review. With me, I also had a pair of Vanguard Spirit ED 8x42mm binoculars with me to assess them against.
I compared the view through both of them repeatedly, looking at a wide variety of different subjects and in different directions (towards & away from the light) over a long period of time and until way after the sun had set and it had become quite dark.
Before conducting these comparisons, I had expected to be able to quite easily observe a brighter image with the 8x42, which I thought would become more pronounced as it grew darker. But in reality, I really struggled to see any difference in image brightness. At times I did think the Vanguard 8x42s were ever so slightly brighter, but it was in no way conclusive.
Now admittedly the Spirit EDs are not quite in the same league as that of the Swarovski CL Companions, but even so they are far from poor and have features like ED glass, phase correction coatings and are fully multi-coated with anti-reflection coatings. So I am not criticizing this specific make and model as I am certain that had I used any other bin in their class, the result would have been the same.
Another surprising find was that even when I was looking at other aspects like the colors reproduced, image detail, signs of abberations and contrast, they were to my eyes still very similar.
Anyway the point is that even if there was a very small difference, it was very insignificant and really not worth me worrying about. It certainly would not mean the difference between me being able to ID and enjoy watching something like a bird in any way.
So why is this? The theory tells us that the 8x42mm should have at least seemed brighter to me:"
The author concluded.
"But leaving the biology behind, in my personal experience, as long as you get yourself a high quality 32mm binocular, I think that for the most part and for most people, the difference between the two is not a million miles apart and so yes, you may only need a 32mm binocular for terrestrial use during the day… and even in twilight."